2021

　　Overview
　　中国位于亚洲东部，太平洋西岸。陆地国土总面积约为960万平方公里，仅次于俄罗斯和加拿大，居世界第三位。中国地形特征复杂多变，西部为高原，东部为平原。山地和丘陵约占陆地总面积的67%，而盆地和平原约占33%。中国的大部分地区位于北温带，气候温和，四季分明，适宜人类居住。
　　Located in the east of the Asian continent , on the western shore of the
　　Pacific Ocean , the PRC has a land area of about 9.6 milion square kilometres , and is the third largest country in the world , next only to Russia and Canada . China is a country of varied topographical features with highlands in the west and plains in the east . Mountainous land
　　and very rough terrains make up about 67% of Chinese territory ,basins and plains about 33%. Most of China lies in the north temperate zone , characterised by a warm climate and distinctive seasons , a climate well suited for habitation .

　　Chapter1
　　中国是个多宗教的国家。中国宗教徒信奉的主要有道教、佛教、伊.斯.兰教、天主教和基督教。道教是中国土生土长的宗教，而其他四 N 种则是由其他国家传入中国的宗教。中国公民可以自由地选择自己的宗教信仰和表明自己的宗教身份。
　　China is a multi - religion country . The religions that are believed by Chinese people are mainly Taoism , Buddhism , I，sl，am , Catholicism and Christianity , among which Taoism is indigenous to China while the others are of foreign origin . Chinese citizens may freely choose their religious beliefs and make clear their religious affiliations 。

　　Chapter2
　　《诗经》是中国第一部诗歌总集，共入编了从西周初年至春秋中叶的305篇诗歌。按照曲调的特点，这些诗歌可以划分为三类：风、雅、颂。《诗经》中的诗歌多以四言为主，表现手法主要是赋、比、兴。作为中国文学的起点，《诗经》对于后代文学的影响非常深远。
　　The Book of Songs , the first anthology of poetry in China , includes 305 poems from the early Western Zhou dynasty to the middle of the Spring and Autumn period . In the light of their thythms , the works can be divided into three sections : feng , ya , and song . The poems in The Book of Songs are mainly written in four - character lines . In terms of its writing technique , it can be classified into fu , bi , and xing As the starting point of Chinese literature , The Book of Songs has great influence on the literary works of later generations。

　　Chapter3
　　京剧有200多年历史，在中国的传统戏曲剧种中最为有名。在表演中，演员根据剧中人物使用不同的脸谱。“唱、念、做、打”是京剧表演中的四种主要艺术手段，也是京剧演员们的四项基本功。京剧演员使用的每个动作都极具象征性，他们通过手势、步法以及其他身体活动来表示如开门、上楼、划船、骑马等动作。
　　beiing Opera , which has a history of more than 200 years , enjoys the oreatest reputation among China ’ s traditional operas . In Beijing Opera , nerformers wear ditterent types of make - up according to the characters they perform . Singing , recitation , acting , and acrobatic fighting are the four major artistic means and the four basic skils of Beijing Opera . Each action of a Beijing Opera performer is highly symbolic . Gestures , footwork , and other body movements can expres the actions such as opening a door , going upstairs , rowing a boat , riding a horse , etc.

　　Chapter4
　　科举制度是中国封建社会通过考试来选拔官员的制度。该制度从隋代开始实行，一直到清朝末年才被废除，一共延续了大约1,300年。它对隋唐以后的中国社会结构、政治制度、教育体系及人文思想产生了深远的影响。
　　The imperial civil examination system was an examination system through which talented people were recognised and selected as government officials in China ’ s feudal society . The practice began in the Sui dynasty and lasted about 1,300 years until the end of the Qing dynasty . It had profound impact on the post - Sui - Tang China ’ s social structure , political system , educational system , and humanistic ideologies .

　　Chapter5
　　提到中国古代科技，人们可能立刻想到指南针、火药、造纸术和印刷术这四大发明。但其实中国古代在天文、数学、中医、农业以及制造业等方面也取得了巨大的成就，在医药学上尤为瞩目。战国时期，扁鹊发明了“望、闻、问、切”四诊法，形成了中医的传统方法。李时珍的《本草纲目》更是中国古代传统医学集大成者。
　　When it comes to China ’ s ancient science and technology , people may immediately think of the four great inventions , namely , the compas , gunpowder , paper - making and printing . However , in ancient China , great achievements were also made in astronomy , mathematics , traditional Chinese medicine , agriculture , manufacturing and so on . Achievements made in traditional Chinese medicine were especially remarkable . Bian Que , of the Warring States period , invented the four methods of diagnosis : observation , auscultation and olfaction , interrogation , and palpation and pulse feeling . Co Т pendiu Т of Materia Medica by Li Shizhen is regarded as the most complete and comprehensive medical book ever written in the history of traditional Chinese medicine .

　　Chapter6
　　中国武术流派繁多，数量达数百种。作为中华武术的一个重要流派，太极拳动作缓慢轻柔。它既可以用来防身也可以帮助强身健体，已经成为人们锻炼身体的重要方式。在北京奥运会开幕式上，由2008人共同参与的太极拳表演引起了极大的轰动。
　　With hundreds of styles , Chinese martial arts can be divided into many schools . As an important school of Chinese martial arts , tai chi chuan is marked with slow and gentle movements . Since it can be used for self - defense and body building , tai ci chuan has become an important method of physical exercise for people . At the opening ceremony of the Beijing Olympic Games , the tai chi chuan performance given by 2008 players created a great sensation .

　　Chapter7
　　表节是中国农历年的岁首，是最隆重的传统节日。春节的习俗很多、如放鞭炮、贴春联、拜大年、吃饺子等。春节期间，各地还会挙办各种庆祝活动，其中传统庙会活动会一直持续很多天。
　　The Spring Festival is China ' s most important traditional festival that falls on the first day of the first lunar month . There are many customs observed during this festival such as burning firecrackers , pasting Spring Festival couplets , paying New Year visits , eating dumplings , etc . There are various celebrations in different places during this festival , among which traditional temple fairs last for days .

　　Chapter8
　　中国有句古话，“民以食为天。”可见饮食在中国人生活中的分量。中国地域辽阔，由于各地气候、物产以及风俗习惯的差异，形合以鲁菜、川莱、粤菜、闽莱、苏菜、浙莱、徽莱、湘莱为代表站大菜系。中国莱讲究色、香、味，其中尤以味最为重要。中国的菜名五花八门，著名菜肴的名称背后都有段生动的故事，这为中国饮食文化平添了几分神秘色彩。
　　There is an old saying in China ,“ food is what matters most to people .” illustrates the significant role food plays in the life of Chinese people . As a vast country with diverse climates , products , and customs , China is known to have eight regional cuisines which include Shangdong , Sichuan , Guangdong , Fujian , Jiangsu , Zhejiang , Anhui , and Hunan cuisines . There are three essential standards by which Chinese cooking Is judged , namely , colour , aroma , and taste , with taste being the most mportant . The names of Chinese dishes are many and various . There are interesting stories behind the names of famous Chinese dishes ," hich add to the mystique of Chinese food culture .

　　chapter9
　　传统服饰在中国历史文化中占居重要地位，是中华文明的一个重马组成部分。在现代的服装舞台上，中国的唐装、旗袍、中山装等尔然深受欢迎，成为许多顶级设计大师们的灵感源泉。中国的刺绣和蜡染等民族艺术也深深地吸引了海内外的游客。
　　As a vital part of Chinese civilisation , traditional Chinese costumes and adornments play an important role in the country ’ s history and culture . On the stage of modern fashion , the Tang costume , cheongsam , and Chinese tunic suit have still been popular ; and they have become the source of inspirations for many top fashion designers . Embroidery , batik , and other traditional Chinese folk arts have also attracted tourists at home and abroad .

　　chapter10
　　中国传统建筑是中华文明的重要组成部分，包括宫殿、官府、庙宇、园林、陵墓，也包括一些高层佛塔和桥梁。中国传统建筑以木材为主要材料，讲究均衡对称，注重屋顶的艺术设计以及房屋的华丽装饰。在封建社会，色彩在建筑上的运用受到严格的社会等级制度的制约。
　　Traditional Chinese architecture , as an important part of Chinese civilisation , includes palaces , official mansions , temples , gardens , tombs as wel as multi - storey Buddhist pagodas and bridges . Traditional Chinese architecture featured timber as the major building material and folowed the principle of balance and symmetry . It atached much importance to artistic roof designs and colourful decorations . In feudal society , the use of colour in buildings was restricted according to strict social stratifications.

该作者现在暂无推文